Pdf environmental pollution causes and consequences. Water is considered polluted if some substances or condition is present to such a degree that the water cannot be used for a specific purpose. The increasing global chemical pollution of natural water with largely unknown short. It is recommended that these principles should be clarified by a short. Water pollution is said to occur when toxic pollutants and particulate matter are introduced into water bodies such as lakes, rivers and seas. Water pollution means any substance that makes water dirty.
Pdf global water pollution and human health researchgate. Fresh water pollution may be classified into two types. Pollution 1 when only short term economic gains are made at the cost of the longterm ecological benefits. The entire ncert textbook questions have been solved by best teachers for you. The following is a set of lecture notes from the class, prepared by dr. Each solution goes through a strict assessment process. The notes dont cover every topic on the ap environmental science exam particularly the global change section, so dont rely on them exclusively for your studying. Water hyacinth is extremely efficient in absorbing and. Video lecture notes 1 o 99% of our atmosphere is made of oxygen o 2 at 21% and 78% nitrogen n 2. Useful notes on the water prevention and control of. Discover its main causes and effects, but also technological solutions and how you can contribute to solve it. Water pollution, the release of substances such as chemicals or microorganisms and energy in the form of radioactivity or heat into surface and subsurface waters to the point where they interfere with beneficial use of the water or with the natural functioning of ecosystems. Water pollution shows the addition of foreign substances, either from natural or anthropogenic sources, may be harmful to life because of their toxicity, reduction of normal oxygen level of water, and spread epidemic diseases. Another source is stormwater runoff from heated surfaces such as.
Information about the types, causes, and effects of water pollution and what we can do to solve the problem. Here you can download pdf of pollution notes very easily. Polluted water is of great concern to the aquatic organism, plants, humans, and climate and indeed alters the ecosystem. Water pollution in rivers contd graphical determination of bod constants laboratory measurement of bod do sag. Water is essential for the existence of all life forms. Give open access to information on water pollution. Water pollution water contains an excess of a biological, chemical, or physical. Water pollution is a global issue that needs the evaluation and careful scrutiny of all the water resources and it is suggested that the water pollution is the major reason of deaths and diseases in the world. One source is industries like nuclear power plants, which discharge cooling water. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, aquifers, and groundwater usually caused due to human activities.
Finding pure water that is, water with no impurities is very unlikely in nature. As may be evident, untreated sewage is the biggest source of such form of pollution in india. Pollution 1 when only shortterm economic gains are made at the cost of the longterm ecological benefits. Pollution is the introduction of harmful or poisonous substances into environment that may cause adverse effects. Water pollution is intended as water quality degradation caused by the introduction.
Water pollution is one of the biggest issues facing india right now. Pollution from solid wastesis a major problem for many communities. Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and. For example, releasing inadequately treated wastewater into natural water bodies can lead to degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Pollutants can be solid, liquid or gaseous substances present in greater. The water pollution accounts for the death of nearly 14,000 people per day and in this issue, if we talk about india then it is estimated. Environmental pollution can be defined as a change that is not wished or desired in the chemical, physical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment air, water, and soil which can cause harmful effects on various or many forms of life. Pdf heavy metals and organic pollutants are ubiquitous environmental pollutants affecting the quality of soil, water and air. Water pollution is any change in the physical, chemical or biological properties of water that will have a detrimental consequence of any living organism. The preservation of our water environment, which is embedded in sustainable development, must be well.
Short notes on 5 methods to control water pollution. Useful for gs1 geography climate change related concepts, gs3 conservation, degradation, pollution etc. It is not only water that is essential but it also must be clean and safe to use. Pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. Water defines our planet, biology, and environment. Cbse 8, science, cbse pollution of air and water, notes. If you are looking for lecture handmade notes on the pollution topic. Nonpoint source pollution is caused by rainfall moving over. It is the contamination of air, which takes place due to unwanted substances which causes harmful effects on both biotic and abiotic components. Before exams, these handmade pollution notes will be very helpful for all the cbse ncert school and college students of all the classes, year and semesters. Water pollution water contains an excess of a biological. Water pollution is categorized by where it originates or its source. It is our planets most distinctive, fundamental, and important resource. Other factors such as temperature, rainfall and water flow may influence effects of pollution.
Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the socalled greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic. Any substance that adversely affects the productivity of soil is called a soil pollutant. Water pollution is the contamination of water in water bodies such as rivers, oceans, lakes and swamps. The solar impulse label is granted to innovative solutions to water pollution that meet high standards of sustainability and profitability.
Environment 2019 notes are fully revised and updated. Free pdf download best collection of cbse topper notes, important questions, sample papers and ncert solutions for cbse class 8 science pollution of air and water. Lecture notes environmental pollution causes, effects. Polluted and contaminated water is good for nothing and is also hazardous to use or consume. Owa department of integrated science, federal college of education, okene, kogi state, nigeria phone. Water prevention and control of pollution act, 1974. Nonpoint sourcesscattered or diffuse so that they have no specific. Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into the natural environment. An act to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of boards for the prevention and control of water pollution, for conferring on and assigning to such boards powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pollution whether it is of land, air, water or biosphere, must be reduced as our own survival is at stake. This means that one or more substances have built up in water to the extent of causing problems to people, animals and plants. Different organisms may respond differently to the same type of pollution. Water pollution is a topic of great environmental concern in todays context.
Contains water vapor, gases and dust the residence time of particle in the troposphere is short due to rain ppt, gravity, air movement mixing time is rapid due to wind or turbulence stratosphere the stratosphere extends from the tropopause up to about 50 km. Buy environment notes for upsc ias civil services exam by. Some forms of pollution are long lasting while others are shortlived. Water pollution control a guide to the use of water. Without it, neither we, nor any life as we know it, would exist. Contamination of soil with pollutants like insecticides, artificial fertilizers and industrial wastes is called soil pollution. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities. Pdf water pollution by heavy metal and organic pollutants. Small pleasure boats, as well as larger ships, can pollute waters by illegally dumping. The effects of different types of water pollution are complex and, in many cases, not well understood. One of liquid waters unique properties is its ability w water pollution any physical, chemical, or biological change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses. Major sources of water pollution include industrial chemicals and effluents, nutrients, waste.
Lecture notes water and wastewater treatment engineering. Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Following are the control measures of water pollution. In this lesson, learn about the different ways that water gets polluted. Now we will discuss the different types of pollution. The major causes of water pollution include sewage and other oxygendemanding wastes, urbanization, agrochemical wastes, thermal pollution, industrial wastes, nutrient enrichment, acid rain. The best ap environmental science notes to study with. Common sources of groundwater pollution or contamination. The small fraction of usable surface water is continuously replenished by means of. Water pollution is caused by foreign objects and chemicals entering the aquatic ecosystem or when natural chemicals build up in excess amounts.
However, even natural processes such as eutrophication can cause water pollution other significant causes of water pollution include. A substance, which causes pollution, is known as pollutant. Short paragraph on water pollution short essay on the control of water pollution pollution short paragraph short article on water pollution short notes. Air pollution learning module university of illinois. Short title, application and commencement 1 this act may be called the water prevention and control of pollution act, 1974. The things which are responsible for contamination. The stress on our water environment as a result of increased industrialization, which aids urbanization, is becoming very high thus reducing the availability of clean water. Types of pollution effects of various types of pollution. Pollution is of different kinds depending on the nature of pollutants and pollutions. Thermal pollution occurs when water entering the stream is warmer than the water already present in the stream. Water is a rare resource, much essential for life on earth. When water gets polluted, it becomes unhealthy for all living creatures. Environmental fluid mechanics pollution dispersion in the environment 5 1. There are many types and sources of water pollution.
Pdf water quality issues are a major challenge that humanity is facing in the twentyfirst century. These contaminants are generally introduced by human activities like improper sewage treatment and oil spills. Point source pollution is discharged from a single, identifiable source such as pipes, factories, or ships. Water pollution notes environmental chemistry optional module 1 of water, which is generally called the fresh water pollution. Point sourcesfactories, power plants, underground coal mines and oil wells that discharge pollution from specific locations such as drain pipes, ditches or sewer outfalls.
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